fenobarbitál

Fenobarbitál is a long-acting barbiturate that has been used historically as a sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant. It is a derivative of barbituric acid and acts as a central nervous system depressant by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This action leads to reduced neuronal excitability.

Medically, fenobarbitál was prescribed for a variety of conditions, including insomnia, anxiety, and epilepsy. Its anticonvulsant properties made it a significant treatment for seizure disorders, particularly grand mal epilepsy. However, its use has declined considerably due to the development of safer alternatives with a lower risk of dependence and fewer side effects.

Fenobarbitál can cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, impaired coordination, and respiratory depression. Tolerance and physical dependence can develop with prolonged use, leading to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, which can include anxiety, tremors, and seizures. Due to its potential for abuse and overdose, fenobarbitál is a controlled substance in many countries. While its therapeutic applications have diminished, it may still be used in specific clinical situations or in veterinary medicine.