felvilágosást

Felvilágosodás, known in English as the Enlightenment, was an intellectual and cultural movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century. It emphasized reason, individualism, skepticism, and science as the primary means of understanding the world and improving the human condition. This era saw a profound shift away from traditional authorities, such as religious dogma and absolute monarchy, towards a belief in human capacity for self-governance and progress.

Key figures of the Enlightenment, like Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, and Kant, championed concepts such as natural rights, liberty, equality, and the separation of powers. Their ideas deeply influenced political revolutions, most notably the American and French Revolutions, and laid the groundwork for modern democratic societies. The Enlightenment also fostered advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts, promoting critical thinking and empirical observation. It encouraged the spread of knowledge through encyclopedias, salons, and coffeehouses, creating a more informed and engaged public sphere. While its ideals have been celebrated, the Enlightenment also faced criticism for its potential to promote Eurocentrism and overlook the perspectives of marginalized groups. Nevertheless, its legacy continues to shape contemporary thought and political discourse.