farmakokinetických

Farmakokinetických refers to the study of how a drug moves through the body over time. It encompasses four primary processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, often summarized by the acronym ADME. Absorption describes the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration, such as the oral cavity, skin, or injection site. Distribution is how the drug spreads from the bloodstream to various tissues and organs within the body. Metabolism involves the chemical alteration of the drug, primarily by enzymes in the liver, which transforms the parent drug into metabolites, often rendering it inactive or more easily excreted. Finally, excretion is the removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body, most commonly through the kidneys in urine, but also via bile, feces, sweat, or exhaled air. Understanding farmakokinetických principles is crucial for determining appropriate drug dosages, dosing intervals, and routes of administration to achieve therapeutic effects while minimizing toxicity. It helps explain why individuals may respond differently to the same medication based on factors like age, genetics, organ function, and interactions with other drugs.