fázislemez

A fázislemez, often translated as phase plate or phase diffractive optical element, is an optical component that modifies the phase of light. Unlike amplitude masks that absorb or reflect light, fázislemezek alter the wavefront of incident light by introducing a specific phase shift. This phase shift is typically achieved through a patterned surface relief, where different regions of the surface have varying thicknesses.

The design of a fázislemez depends on the desired wavefront transformation. By carefully controlling the pattern and depth of the surface features, it can be used to create a wide range of optical effects. Common applications include beam shaping, where a fázislemez can transform a uniform beam into a specific intensity profile, such as a Bessel beam or a Gaussian-like profile. They are also used for generating optical vortices, which carry orbital angular momentum, and for optical trapping and manipulation of microscopic particles.

Fázislemezek are fabricated using various micro- and nanofabrication techniques, such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and focused ion beam milling. These methods allow for the precise creation of complex surface structures required for precise phase control. Due to their ability to manipulate light with high efficiency and flexibility, fázislemezek are increasingly employed in fields like microscopy, optical communication, and laser processing. Their compact size and ease of integration make them attractive alternatives to bulk optical elements.