expressway

An expressway is a high-capacity road intended to move through traffic efficiently between major destinations. It is typically faster and more limited in its access than a standard arterial street, but not always a full freeway.

Characteristics include divided carriageways, multiple lanes, and access control through ramps and interchanges. Main travel lanes are designed for higher speeds, while shoulders and safety features support emergency stopping. In many jurisdictions expressways avoid at-grade intersections, but some regions retain occasional traffic signals or direct property access.

Relation to freeway: Freeways exemplify full access control with grade separation and no direct property access, while expressways may permit some at-grade crossings or licensed direct access.

Regional usage and terminology: The term expressway is used differently by country. In some places it refers to dual-carriageway roads with limited access that are not motorways; in others, "expressway" can denote a high-speed toll or non-toll route appropriate for long-distance travel. The classification often depends on legal definitions, speed limits, and funding.

Safety and operation: Expressways contribute to reduced congestion and faster travel; safety measures include barrier medians, clear sightlines, weather provisions, intelligent transport systems, and speed enforcement.

History: The concept emerged in the early to mid-20th century with urban expansion and the growth of suburban corridors; many expressways were initially built as part of broader highway systems and later upgraded to freeway status as traffic demands grew.