exothermik

Exothermik refers to processes or reactions that release heat to the surroundings. In thermodynamics, an exothermic process is characterized by a negative enthalpy change (ΔH < 0). The term is used across chemistry, physics, and engineering, and it is contrasted with endothermic processes, which absorb heat (ΔH > 0).

Common exothermic processes include combustion, where fuels react with oxidizers to release energy as heat and light; acid–base neutralization; and many crystallization or condensation processes. Exothermic polymerization and cement hydration also arise in materials science, where the reaction warmth can be significant during curing.

Measurement of heat release is typically done by calorimetry. A bomb calorimeter measures the energy released during complete combustion of a sample at constant volume, while a coffee-cup (constant-pressure) calorimeter assesses heat transfer under ambient conditions. These methods help determine the enthalpy change of reactions.

Applications and safety considerations are central to exothermik processes. Exothermic reactions can be harnessed for heating, propulsion, or industrial synthesis, but insufficient control can lead to hazards such as burns, pressure buildup, or runaway reactions. Temperature monitoring, proper mixing, venting, and inhibitors or stabilizers are commonly employed to manage risk.

In biological and environmental contexts, many metabolic steps release energy, contributing to heat production that organisms regulate to maintain stable body temperatures. Exothermik is thus a general term for heat-releasing, or exothermic, phenomena across disciplines.