exconvict

An exconvict, also written as ex-convict or former convict, is a person who has previously been convicted of a criminal offense and has completed the sentence, whether through release from prison, completion of probation, or discharge from parole. The term is used in legal, criminology, and policy contexts to describe someone who is no longer in custody but may still face legal or social consequences tied to their conviction. Some advocate substituting "former offender" or "returning citizen" to reduce stigma.

Reentry and reintegration: After release, exconvicts often face barriers to employment, housing, and social services. Background checks, licensing restrictions, and employer biases can limit opportunities. Effective reentry programs emphasize education, job training, substance abuse treatment, mental health support, and stable housing. Time-limited supervision (parole or probation) and community supervision influence reintegration outcomes; social support networks are key to reducing recidivism.

Rights and records: Criminal records can persist widely, affecting voting rights, eligibility for public benefits, professional licenses, and housing. In many jurisdictions, expungement or sealing of records is possible after a waiting period or certain conditions, but access to records by employers and landlords may still occur. Some places have "ban the box" policies to delay criminal-history questions in early-stage applications.

Policy and outcomes: Policy discussions emphasize reducing recidivism through evidence-based programs, including cognitive-behavioral interventions, education and vocational training, substance abuse treatment, and supportive housing. Research indicates that stable employment and community integration lower reoffending risk.