euthanize

Euthanize is a verb meaning to deliberately end the life of a living being to relieve suffering. The term is used most often in two contexts: veterinary medicine, where animals are euthanized when recovery is unlikely or when pain or suffering cannot be alleviated; and human medicine, where end-of-life decisions may involve euthanasia or medical aid in dying, depending on local law.

The word derives from the Greek eu- meaning good and thanatos meaning death.

In veterinary practice, euthanasia is routinely performed to prevent ongoing suffering when prognosis is poor or when quality of life is irreversibly compromised. It is usually carried out by a veterinarian and may involve sedation followed by administration of a humane agent to induce death.

In human medicine, the terminology differs by jurisdiction. Active euthanasia refers to a clinician directly administering a lethal agent, while physician-assisted dying or medical aid in dying describes cases in which the patient self-administers the medication, typically prescribed by a physician. Many places have legal frameworks that permit some form of assisted dying under strict conditions; elsewhere euthanasia remains prohibited.

Ethical and policy debates focus on autonomy and compassion for suffering patients versus concerns about the value of life, potential coercion, and vulnerable populations. Safeguards often include ensuring informed and voluntary consent, assessment of mental competence, second opinions, and access to palliative care alternatives.