estrogeenisen

Estrogen is a group of hormones primarily produced by the ovaries in women and, to a lesser extent, by the testes in men and the adrenal glands in both sexes. It plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, as well as influencing various physiological processes in both men and women. Estrogen is essential for the growth and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development, and is also involved in bone health, cardiovascular function, and cognitive processes.

Estrogen exists in several forms, with the most biologically active being estradiol. It acts through estrogen receptors, which are found in various tissues throughout the body. Estrogen exerts its effects by binding to these receptors, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular function. The levels of estrogen fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, with peak levels occurring during the follicular phase and a decline during the luteal phase. Menopause, the cessation of menstruation, is characterized by a significant decrease in estrogen levels, leading to various symptoms and health risks.

Estrogen is also produced by the placenta during pregnancy, where it supports the growth and development of the fetus. In men, estrogen is produced in smaller amounts and plays a role in sperm production and libido. Estrogen can be administered through various means, including oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and topical creams, to manage symptoms related to estrogen deficiency or excess. However, the use of estrogen should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals due to its potential side effects and interactions with other medications.