estreptocócica

Streptocócica refers to conditions caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus. These are Gram-positive, spherical or ovoid bacteria that typically occur in chains or pairs. Streptococcus species are a diverse group, with some being harmless commensals found in the human microbiota, while others are significant pathogens.

The most well-known pathogenic species include Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), which causes a wide range of infections such as strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, and more serious invasive diseases like necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Another important pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, particularly in young children and the elderly.

Other streptococcal species can cause infections like dental caries (e.g., Streptococcus mutans) or endocarditis. Diagnosis of streptococcal infections often involves laboratory tests, including throat swabs for GAS or blood cultures for systemic infections. Treatment typically relies on antibiotics, with penicillin and its derivatives being highly effective against many streptococcal species. However, antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for some strains. Prevention strategies include good hygiene practices, vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and prompt medical attention for suspected infections.