establecida

Establecida is the feminine singular form of the past participle of the Spanish verb establecer, and functions as an adjective meaning established, set up, or fixed. It is used to describe a noun that has been formally created, recognized, or confirmed, and it commonly appears with feminine nouns such as norma, institución, empresa, or ciudad.

Etymology and background: Establecer comes from Latin stabilire, from stabilis meaning stable. The participle establecida agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, so it is used for feminine subjects (la norma establecida, una institución establecida).

Usage and nuances: Establecida often conveys a sense of formal status or long-standing recognition. It can describe something officially enacted, as in laws, norms, or policies, or denote a business or organization that operates with permanence. The related masculine form is establecido, used with masculine nouns (el acuerdo está establecido, una programa establecido). The verb phrase estar establecido emphasizes current state, while ser establecido emphasizes origin or formal establishment.

Examples:

- La norma establecida por la empresa garantiza igualdad de oportunidades.

- Una ciudad establecida desde el siglo XVIII.

- La política establecida en la ley fue revisada.

See also: establecido, establecer, estabilidad, normativo.