estableció

Estableció is the third-person singular form of the Spanish verb establecer in the pretérito perfecto simple (pretérito) tense. It denotes a completed action in the past in which someone or something set up, created, or fixed something, such as rules, institutions, procedures, or arrangements. The form is used when the subject is he, she, or you (usted).

Morphology and usage notes: establecer is an irregular verb in its yo form (establecí), and in the pretérito it follows the pattern establec- with standard endings, yielding establecí, estableciste, estableció, establecimos, establecisteis, and establecieron. The form estableció specifically ends with the accent on the ó, signaling the past, a common feature of Spanish preterite endings for -er verbs. While estableció refers to a single past instance, other forms (establecí, establecieron, etc.) adapt to different subjects and numbers.

Context and examples: estableció is frequently used in historical, legal, and journalistic writing to report decisions, policies, or structures that were created at a point in the past. Examples include: “El gobierno estableció un nuevo marco normativo,” “La empresa estableció una alianza estratégica,” and “El comité estableció las normas de operación.” It can also appear in narrative past to describe events or milestones.

Etymology and related terms: establecer derives from the Latin stabilire, meaning to make stable or firm. Related verbs include establecerse (to settle, establish oneself), fijar, fundar, and instituir, which share semantic space with establecer but differ in nuance and construction.