espírita

Espírita refers to a follower of Espiritismo, a philosophical-religious doctrine codified in the 19th century by Allan Kardec. In Portuguese, the term denotes both the adherent and the doctrine itself. Spiritism emphasizes the rational study of spiritual phenomena and the moral improvement of individuals through contact with spirits, the immortality of the soul, and the existence of God. It also teaches the continuity of life and the progression of the soul through reincarnation, the law of cause and effect, and the possibility of communication with spirits through mediums.

Core beliefs center on using spiritual knowledge to understand moral laws and personal transformation. Spirits are considered evolving beings who progress morally through multiple existences. Humans are encouraged to learn, refine themselves, and apply universal ethical principles in daily life. The doctrine stresses charity, tolerance, humility, and the use of reason in religious matters.

Practices commonly occur in casas espíritas (Spiritist centers) where adherents study Kardec’s principal works, such as The Spirits Book and The Gospel According to Spiritism, participate in study groups, and, in some cases, engage in mediumistic sessions. The movement has a strong presence in Brazil, with a broad network of centers, but it originated in France and spread to other countries.

Espírita differs from broader spiritualist movements by its codified system and emphasis on moral and social dimensions of Spiritist teachings, not solely on phenomena. A espírita is thus a believer and practitioner who engages with the doctrine and its application to everyday life.