escudo

Escudo is a term in Spanish and Portuguese that primarily means shield, the protective device carried in combat or displayed as a symbol of defense. The word derives from Latin scutum and has broad figurative use as a defense or safeguard.

In heraldry, escudo refers to the shield that forms the central element of a coat of arms. The escudo bears various charges (emblems) and tinctures (colors) arranged according to heraldic rules, and its shape and design identify families, institutions, or territories.

Historically, escudo has also referred to currencies in Iberian states. The modern Portuguese escudo served as Portugal’s currency from the early 20th century until it adopted the euro in 2002. In earlier periods, the term was used for coins in Spain and Portugal, including a gold escudo used in the early modern era. Today the word remains common in the language as a general term for shield and in references to heraldic shields or insignia.