erytropoietiini

Erytropoietiini, often abbreviated as EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone primarily produced by the kidneys. It plays a crucial role in stimulating the production of red blood cells, a process known as erythropoiesis, in the bone marrow. The body releases EPO in response to low oxygen levels in the tissues, a condition called hypoxia. This physiological signal prompts the bone marrow to increase red blood cell production, thereby enhancing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.

Naturally occurring EPO is essential for maintaining a healthy red blood cell count and preventing anemia. In medical settings, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a synthetic version of the hormone, is used to treat various conditions characterized by anemia, such as chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy-induced anemia, and anemia associated with certain chronic illnesses. Administering rhEPO can help to raise hemoglobin levels and alleviate symptoms like fatigue and weakness.

However, the use of EPO has also been associated with performance enhancement in sports. Its ability to increase red blood cell mass can improve endurance by delivering more oxygen to muscles. This has led to its classification as a banned substance by sports organizations, and its misuse can carry significant health risks, including an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack. Careful medical supervision is paramount when rhEPO is prescribed for therapeutic purposes.