erwerbende

Erwerbende is a German noun that refers to individuals who earn income through gainful work. The term is predominantly used in sociological and statistical contexts to denote people who participate in the labor market, in contrast to those who are not employed or not actively earning, such as students, retirees, or the unemployed. The scope can include both employees and self-employed persons, as long as they derive earnings from work.

Etymology and nuance: It derives from Erwerb (gainful activity, income) with the participial suffix -ende. Unlike Erwerbstätige or Beschäftigte, Erwerbende emphasizes the activity of earning income rather than a specific employment status. The form is gender-neutral and commonly used in official statistics to describe population groups.

Usage in practice: In labor-market reports, one might refer to "Erwerbende im Alter von 25 bis 54 Jahren" to describe the portion of the population actively earning income. The category includes part-time and full-time workers and may also encompass self-employed individuals. It is typically used alongside categories of Nicht-Erwerbstätige, such as students, retirees, and the long-term unemployed.

Relation to related terms and criticisms: The more common terms in everyday language are Beschäftigte or Erwerbstätige, which explicitly denote employment status. Some authors consider "Erwerbende" somewhat formal or jargon-like, and usage varies by country, institution, and dataset. Nevertheless, it remains a neutral, inclusive option for describing people who earn income.