ergodisuus
Ergodisuus, the Finnish term for ergodicity, is a property of a dynamical system in which its time averages are equal to its ensemble averages for almost all initial states. In other words, a single trajectory that evolves over a sufficiently long time will pass through the same statistical distribution of states as would a large statistical ensemble sampled at an instant. This concept is fundamental in statistical physics, where it justifies treating time–averaged measurements as representative of equilibrium properties. Ergodicity underlies the derivation of equilibrium distributions such as the Maxwell–Boltzmann, Bose–Einstein, and Fermi–Dirac statistics.
The mathematical definition involves the ergodic hypothesis introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in the 19th century. A
In practice, many physical systems are not strictly ergodic; instead, they exhibit “ergodic components” or possess