epifüüsi

Epifüüs, also known as the pineal gland, is a small endocrine gland located deep in the center of the brain. It is a pea-sized, reddish-gray body that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles. The epiphyseal gland produces and secretes melatonin, a hormone that influences circadian rhythms and promotes sleep. Its activity is influenced by light, with melatonin production increasing in darkness and decreasing in the presence of light.

Historically, the epiphyseal gland was a subject of much speculation and philosophical debate, with some ancient cultures attributing spiritual or mystical properties to it. In modern medicine, its primary recognized function is hormonal. Melatonin's role in regulating circadian rhythms is well-established, and it has been used therapeutically to address sleep disorders, jet lag, and shift work sleep disorder.

The epiphyseal gland is connected to the visual pathway, allowing it to receive information about light exposure. This connection is essential for its function in synchronizing the body's internal clock with the external environment. While its main role is in melatonin production, research continues to explore other potential functions and influences of the epiphyseal gland on human physiology.