eozinofily

Eozinofily, also known as eosinophils, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are part of the granulocyte family, characterized by the presence of large, uniformly sized granules within their cytoplasm. These granules stain brightly with eosin, a red dye, hence the name "eozinofil."

Eozinofily are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream before migrating to various tissues, particularly those lining the respiratory and digestive tracts, as well as in the skin. Their primary functions include defending the body against parasitic infections and modulating allergic inflammatory responses. When a parasitic infection is detected, eozinofily release cytotoxic proteins from their granules to kill the parasites. In allergic reactions, they contribute to the inflammatory process by releasing mediators that can cause tissue damage and symptoms like swelling and itching.

Elevated levels of eozinofily in the blood, a condition called eosinophilia, can indicate the presence of parasitic infections, allergic diseases such as asthma or eczema, or certain types of cancer. Conversely, a low count of eozinofily, known as eosinopenia, is less common and can be associated with stress or certain steroid treatments. Their presence and activity are essential for a balanced immune response, though their overactivity can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions.