eosinofiele

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system. These cells are characterized by their distinctive granules that stain brightly with eosin, a red dye, under microscopic examination. Eosinophils typically make up 1-6% of the total white blood cell count in healthy individuals.

These specialized cells are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections and regulating inflammatory responses. They contain granules filled with toxic proteins and enzymes that can destroy foreign invaders, particularly multicellular parasites like helminths. Eosinophils also play a significant role in allergic reactions and asthma by releasing inflammatory mediators when activated.

Eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream before migrating to tissues where they are needed. They have a relatively short lifespan of about 8-12 days in circulation, though they can survive longer in tissues. These cells are particularly abundant in areas exposed to the external environment, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

Elevated eosinophil counts, known as eosinophilia, can indicate various conditions including allergic disorders, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. Conversely, low eosinophil levels may occur during acute bacterial infections or stress responses. Medical professionals often measure eosinophil levels as part of complete blood counts to help diagnose and monitor various health conditions.

The regulation of eosinophil production and function involves multiple signaling pathways and cytokines, particularly interleukin-5, which is a key regulator of eosinophil development and activation. Understanding eosinophil biology continues to be important for developing targeted therapies for allergic diseases, asthma, and parasitic infections that affect millions of people worldwide.