entusiasmi

Entusiasmi is the plural form of entusiasmo in Italian, referring to intense excitement, eager interest, or zeal directed toward a person, activity, idea, or event. It can describe genuine fervor as well as a temporary mood, and may be perceived as contagious within a group.

Etymology traces entusiasmo to Greek enthusiasmmos, through Latin, with the sense originally tied to being possessed by a god or inspired. In Italian, the noun its plural form entusiasm i is used to indicate multiple instances or kinds of enthusiastic feeling.

Usage and nuance: In everyday language, entusiasmo describes positive energy, motivation, and engagement, such as enthusiasm for a scientific project or a cultural movement. It can also imply exuberance or excessive zeal depending on context. Verbs related to it include entusiasmare (to fill with enthusiasm) and entusiasmarsi (to become enthusiastic).

Psychological and social aspects: Enthusiasm is linked to approach motivation, positive affect, and anticipation of success. It can boost persistence, learning, and social bonding, but excessive or misplaced enthusiasm may lead to overconfidence, impulsivity, or burnout if not moderated by realism.

Cultural and historical notes: In Romantic, nationalist, and religious histories, enthusiasm has been celebrated as a driving force of creativity, collective action, or inspired belief. In other contexts, it is viewed as a natural emotional state that can energize groups when aligned with constructive goals.

See also: Enthusiasm, Motivation, Passion, Zeal.