enterocytákhoz

Enterocytákhoz refers to enterocytes, which are the primary cells lining the small intestine of vertebrates. These specialized epithelial cells are responsible for the absorption of nutrients from digested food. Enterocytes are characterized by their unique morphology, featuring a prominent brush border on their apical surface, which is composed of numerous microvilli. This brush border significantly increases the surface area available for absorption.

The functions of enterocytes are diverse and crucial for nutrient assimilation. They actively transport digested carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and water across the intestinal wall into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This process involves a variety of transport mechanisms, including passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport, often utilizing specific protein transporters embedded in the cell membrane. Enterocytes also play a role in the breakdown of some complex molecules into absorbable units through enzymes located in their brush border. Furthermore, these cells contribute to the intestinal barrier function, preventing the passage of harmful substances from the gut lumen into the body. Their lifespan is relatively short, and they are continuously renewed through cell division in the crypts of the small intestine.