emissionscontrol

Emissions control refers to methods and technologies used to limit pollutants released into the air, water, and soil from various sources, including transportation, industry, and energy production. The goal is to reduce health and environmental impacts from air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

In air quality management, emissions control targets pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The approaches vary by sector but share the aim of reducing emissions at the source or after generation.

Automotive emissions control relies on engine engineering and exhaust aftertreatment. Key components include catalytic converters (often three-way catalysts for gasoline engines), diesel oxidation catalysts, diesel particulate filters, selective catalytic reduction (using urea) for NOx, exhaust gas recirculation, and oxygen sensors. These systems are supported by onboard diagnostics and fuel management strategies to minimize emissions across operating conditions.

Industrial and energy-sector controls address stack or flue gas emissions. Technologies include flue gas desulfurization (scrubbers), fabric filters (baghouses), electrostatic precipitators, and selective catalytic or non-catalytic reduction for NOx. For CO2 and other greenhouse gases, carbon capture and storage or utilization is pursued in some installations. Comprehensive control also involves process changes, energy efficiency improvements, and cleaner fuel use.

Regulation and monitoring establish standards, reporting, and verification. Governments implement air quality standards and emission limits, require continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS), and enforce compliance through inspections and penalties. Effectiveness depends on technology performance, maintenance, and consistent operation across changing conditions.