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Emissions refer to the release of substances or energy into the environment, typically as a result of human activities or natural processes. These substances can include gases, liquids, solids, heat, light, or sound, and they play a significant role in environmental science, climate studies, and public health.

In environmental contexts, emissions are often discussed in relation to pollutants that can harm ecosystems or human health. Common examples include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrogen oxides (NO₄), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants are primarily released through industrial processes, transportation, agriculture, and energy production. For instance, burning fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles emits large quantities of CO₂, a key greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

Natural emissions also occur, such as methane released by wetlands or volcanic ash from eruptions. However, human-induced emissions are of particular concern due to their scale and rapid increase. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change.

Emissions monitoring and regulation are critical for managing environmental impact. Governments and organizations use various methods, such as sensors, satellites, and emission inventories, to track and assess pollutant levels. Regulations often set limits on acceptable emission levels for industries and vehicles to protect air and water quality.

Beyond environmental concerns, emissions can also refer to other forms of energy release, such as electromagnetic radiation from electronic devices or sound waves from machinery. While these may not pose the same ecological risks, they can still affect human well-being and require careful management.