elkrafttransformator

An elkrafttransformator, or electric power transformer, is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits, through electromagnetic induction. It is a fundamental component in electrical power systems. The primary function of a transformer is to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) alternating current (AC) voltages. This voltage transformation is crucial for efficient long-distance power transmission, as high voltages reduce resistive losses in the transmission lines.

Transformers operate on the principle of mutual induction. They typically consist of two or more coils of wire, known as windings, which are electrically isolated from each other. These windings are wound around a common ferromagnetic core, often made of laminated iron. When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic flux in the core. This changing magnetic flux then induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding determines the voltage transformation ratio. Transformers are also used for electrical isolation, preventing direct electrical connection between circuits, and for impedance matching. They are indispensable in power generation, transmission, distribution, and in many electronic devices.