elektrostatilised

Elektrostatilised is the Estonian term describing electrostatic phenomena, the study of stationary electric charges and the forces between them. In physics, electrostatics examines charges at rest or moving slowly relative to the speed of light, and includes concepts such as Coulomb's law, electric fields, potentials, and Gauss's law. The basic relation is F = k q1 q2 / r^2 for point charges, the electric field E is the force per unit charge, and the potential Φ relates via E = -∇Φ. In materials, dielectrics and insulators influence charge distribution while conductors allow charges to move until they cancel inside.

Applications include electrostatic charging and discharging used in printers, photocopiers, ink-jet printing, painting and powder coating, as well as electrostatic precipitators for air filtration and electrophoresis for separating biomolecules. In electronics, electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage components, so anti-static measures such as grounding, humidification, and protective packaging are common.

Safety and measurement: static charge can accumulate in dry environments, so grounding objects reduces risk. Typical units include the coulomb, volt, farad, and others depending on the system. The term electrostatics has historical roots in Coulomb's law from the 18th century and predates the broader theory of electrodynamics.