elektrolithelyzet

Elektrolithelyzet is the term used to describe the current balance of key ions in body fluids, particularly in the extracellular compartment. The major electrolytes routinely assessed include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and phosphate (PO4^3−).

This balance supports fluid distribution, nerve conduction, muscle activity, acid-base homeostasis, and enzyme activity. It is regulated by intake and losses through urine, sweat, and the gastrointestinal tract, and is adjusted by body compartments and hormonal control (notably aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D).

Abnormal electrolyte status can be due to inadequate intake, excessive losses, shifts between compartments, kidney disease, endocrine disorders, or medication effects. Common disorders include hyponatremia and hypernatremia, hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia, and disturbances in bicarbonate/phosphate reflecting acid-base disorders.

Assessment relies on laboratory testing, typically a basic metabolic panel or comprehensive metabolic panel, which reports concentrations in mEq/L or mmol/L. Clinicians interpret in the context of volume status, acid-base balance, and clinical symptoms; imaging and additional tests may be used if needed.

Management aims to correct the underlying cause and restore stable electrolyte levels, with careful monitoring to avoid rapid shifts that can cause complications such as osmotic demyelination or cardiac arrhythmias. Prevention focuses on balanced intake, monitoring in high-risk groups, and appropriate adjustment of medications.