elektrodialýzu

Elektrodialýza is a membrane separation process that uses an electric field to move ions through ion-exchange membranes. In this process, an electric potential is applied across a stack of alternating cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes. When a feed solution containing dissolved ions is passed through the channels created by these membranes, the ions migrate towards the electrodes. Cations move towards the cathode and anions move towards the anode. The arrangement of the ion-exchange membranes allows for the selective removal of ions from the feed solution. Cations pass through cation-exchange membranes but are retained by anion-exchange membranes, while anions pass through anion-exchange membranes but are retained by cation-exchange membranes. This results in the formation of diluate streams with reduced ion concentration and concentrate streams with increased ion concentration.

The primary application of elektrodialýza is in water desalination, particularly for brackish water. It is also used in industrial processes for water treatment, such as the removal of salts from wastewater, the recovery of valuable ions, and the demineralization of process water. The efficiency and effectiveness of elektrodialýza depend on factors such as the concentration of ions in the feed solution, the type and number of membranes used, the applied voltage, and the flow rate of the solution. Compared to other desalination methods like reverse osmosis, elektrodialýza can be more energy-efficient for treating water with lower salt concentrations. The process is adaptable and can be designed to achieve specific separation goals.