elektrimootors

Elektrimootors, commonly known as electric motors, are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. This conversion is achieved through the interaction of magnetic fields and electric currents. The fundamental principle behind their operation is electromagnetism. When an electric current flows through a conductor within a magnetic field, it experiences a force, as described by Lorentz's force law. This force is harnessed to create rotational or linear motion.

The simplest electric motors consist of a stator, which is the stationary part, and a rotor, which is the rotating part. The stator typically contains electromagnets or permanent magnets that create a magnetic field. The rotor also contains coils of wire or magnets. When electricity is supplied to the motor, it energizes the coils, creating magnetic fields that interact with the stator's field. This interaction produces a torque, causing the rotor to spin. Commutators and brushes are often used in direct current (DC) motors to reverse the direction of current in the rotor coils, ensuring continuous rotation. Alternating current (AC) motors, such as induction motors, utilize the changing direction of the AC supply to induce currents in the rotor, which then interact with the stator's magnetic field.

Electric motors are ubiquitous in modern life, powering everything from small appliances like blenders and fans to large industrial machinery, electric vehicles, and even the pumps that circulate water in our homes. Their efficiency, controllability, and environmental benefits have made them a preferred choice over internal combustion engines in many applications. Different types of electric motors exist, each optimized for specific performance characteristics and power requirements.