ekzotoksin
Ekzotoksin, commonly called exotoxin in English, refers to a toxin that is secreted by certain microorganisms, most notably bacteria, into the surrounding environment or into a host during infection. Exotoxins are usually proteins or glycoproteins and are often released actively by living cells, though some are released upon cell lysis. They are typically highly potent and can act at very low concentrations on specific targets such as nerves, muscles, or signaling pathways. Exotoxins differ from endotoxins, which are components of the outer membrane of some bacteria (such as lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria) and are released mainly when bacteria die.
Exotoxins are typically classified by their mechanism of action. AB toxins are a common subclass, containing
Clinically, exotoxins drive the symptoms and severity of diseases such as diphtheria, botulism, tetanus, and cholera.
In summary, ekzotoksin denotes a potent, secreted toxin produced by bacteria that disrupts specific host processes,