ekvivalentní

Ekvivalentní is a Czech adjective meaning equivalent, corresponding in value, function, or effect under specified conditions. It is used to describe things that can substitute for each other without changing the outcome, or that share the same essential property in a given context. The term appears across disciplines, with nuance shaped by the field of application.

In logic and mathematics, two statements or objects are ekvivalentní if they have the same truth value in every interpretation, or if a relation identifies them as belonging to the same equivalence class. A common criterion is that two propositions P and Q are ekvivalentní if P ↔ Q is a tautology. In set theory, equivalence relations define when elements are ekvivalentní; the set is partitioned into ekvivalence classes of mutually equivalent elements.

In chemistry and physics, ekvivalentní can describe reactive capacity or substitutability of substances, such as ekvivalentní množství or ekvivalentní hmotnost, where reagents supply the same amount of reactive units under a reaction.

In linguistics and information theory, ekvivalentní expressions convey the same meaning, allowing one form to replace another in translation, encoding, or communication without loss of information.

Notes: The precise meaning of ekvivalentní depends on context; it signals parity or substitutability rather than absolute identity. Etymologically, it derives from Latin aequivalens, adapted through various European languages into the Czech term. See also ekvivalence, equivalence relation, logical equivalence.