eksipient

Eksipient, more commonly spelled excipient in English, refers to a substance formulated alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a pharmaceutical product. Excipients are pharmacologically inactive under normal conditions and do not contribute to the therapeutic effect, but they perform essential roles in the development, manufacture, and use of medicines.

They provide structure, aid processing and delivery, protect and stabilize the API, and improve palatability and patient compliance. Typical roles include fillers and binders in tablets (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose), disintegrants (crospovidone), lubricants (magnesium stearate), coatings (hypromellose), solvents and vehicles for liquids (water, glycerin), flavors, colors, preservatives, and antioxidants. Excipients also act as solubility enhancers, pH modifiers, or viscosity modifiers, depending on the dosage form.

Excipients can influence stability, solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and taste. Selection is form-dependent (tablets, capsules, injectables, topicals) and guided by pharmacopoeial standards (USP, EP). Quality controls address purity, residual solvents, moisture, microbial limits, and potential interactions with the API; lot-level traceability and appropriate storage conditions are also important.

In practice, the standard term in English is excipient; eksipient is a variant spelling encountered in some contexts or transliterations.