ehkäisykierukka

Ehkäisykierukka, often referred to as an IUD (intrauterine device), is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional for long-term contraception. There are two main types: copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs.

Copper IUDs work by releasing copper ions, which are toxic to sperm and prevent fertilization. They are effective for up to 10 years. Hormonal IUDs release a progestin hormone (levonorgestrel), which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and can sometimes inhibit ovulation, all of which prevent pregnancy. Hormonal IUDs are effective for 3 to 8 years, depending on the specific device.

Both types of IUDs are highly effective, with failure rates typically less than 1%. They are a reversible form of contraception, meaning fertility returns after the IUD is removed. Insertion and removal are simple procedures performed in a clinical setting. Side effects can vary; copper IUDs may cause heavier or longer periods and increased cramping, while hormonal IUDs can lead to lighter or absent periods, spotting, and potential mood changes or acne in some users. It is important to discuss the suitability of an IUD with a doctor, considering individual health history and preferences.