egzaminem

Egzaminem is the instrumental singular form of the Polish noun egzamin, which means examination or test. In Polish grammar, the instrumental case is used to indicate means or instrument, and in certain constructions after prepositions that govern this case. The word also appears in compound phrases describing specific kinds of examinations, such as oral or written tests.

Morphology and forms: singular forms are nominative egzamin, genitive egzaminu, dative egzaminowi, accusative egzamin, instrumental egzaminem, locative egzaminie. Plural forms are nominative egzaminy, genitive egzaminów, dative egzaminom, accusative egzaminy, instrumental egzaminami, locative egzaminach. Thus egzaminem is the standard instrumental form for one examination; the plural instrumental is egzaminami.

Usage: The instrumental form egzaminem is not the usual case used to refer to taking a test (that context typically uses the accusative egzamin). It appears when the noun functions as a means or instrument, or after certain prepositions that govern the instrumental. For example, someone can enter a room z egzaminem in hand (with the exam in hand), or one can posłużyć się egzaminem (to use the exam) as a source or reference in a description. In everyday speech, instrumental uses of egzaminem are comparatively limited and often occur in formal or descriptive contexts.

Types and collocations: Common exam types include egzamin ustny (oral exam) and egzamin pisemny (written exam). While these are adjectives modifying egzamin, they illustrate frequent contexts in which the noun appears in related forms and phrases within Polish discourse.

Etymology: the word egzamin derives from Latin examināre (examen, examination), entering Polish through historical contact with Latin and other European languages.