egyenértékdózisra

Egyenértékdózis, often translated as equivalent dose, is a concept used in radiation protection to quantify the biological effect of ionizing radiation. It is defined as the absorbed dose in a tissue or organ multiplied by a radiation weighting factor and a tissue weighting factor. The absorbed dose is the amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit mass of material, typically measured in Grays (Gy). The radiation weighting factor accounts for the different biological effectiveness of various types of radiation. For example, alpha particles and neutrons are more damaging to tissues than gamma rays or X-rays, so they have higher weighting factors. The tissue weighting factor represents the relative sensitivity of different tissues and organs to radiation. The organs and tissues that are more sensitive to radiation, such as the gonads and bone marrow, have higher weighting factors.

The unit of equivalent dose is the Sievert (Sv). One Sv is equal to one Gy multiplied by the appropriate weighting factors. This allows for a common scale to compare the risks associated with different types and levels of radiation exposure to different parts of the body. For instance, an exposure to 1 Gy of gamma radiation might have a different biological impact than an exposure to 1 Gy of alpha radiation. The equivalent dose aims to provide a single value that reflects the overall risk of stochastic effects, such as cancer induction, from radiation exposure. It is a crucial metric for setting dose limits and assessing radiation safety.