ectomikorrhizák

Ectomikorrhizák is a Latin term referring to a type of symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. This relationship is characterized by the fungal hyphae forming a dense sheath, known as the mantle, around the root tips. Within this mantle, the hyphae also penetrate the intercellular spaces of the root cortex, forming a network called the Hartig net. This penetration does not, however, damage the plant cells.

The ectomycorrhizal association is mutually beneficial. The fungus, through its extensive hyphal network in the soil, significantly increases the surface area for nutrient and water absorption. It is particularly efficient at acquiring phosphorus and nitrogen, which are then transferred to the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis. This symbiosis is crucial for the health and growth of many tree species, especially in nutrient-poor environments.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are typically basidiomycetes or ascomycetes. They play a vital role in forest ecosystems, influencing plant community structure and nutrient cycling. The specific fungal species involved can vary depending on the plant host and environmental conditions. Identifying ectomycorrhizal fungi often involves examining root morphology and using molecular techniques.