ecotopias
Ecotopias are imagined or theoretical societies that prioritize ecological balance and sustainable living. The term combines eco- and utopia and is used to describe both works of fiction and serious thought experiments about future ways of organizing human life. The concept was popularized in modern culture by Ernest Callenbach's 1975 novel Ecotopia, which depicts a secessionist Pacific Northwest reorganized around conservation, low-energy lifestyles, and participatory governance.
Common features attributed to ecotopias include renewable energy use, closed-loop resource cycles, and low overall material
Ecotopias appear in literary criticism, environmental humanities, and urban-planning discussions as a way to envision sustainable
Critiques of ecotopias caution that such visions can be idealized or technocratic, potentially overlooking social conflict,