dózisformacsoportok

Dózisformacsoportok, or dosage form categories, are classifications of pharmaceutical preparations based on their physical form and method of administration. These categories help in standardizing drug development, manufacturing, and dispensing. Common categories include solids, liquids, semisolids, and specialized dosage forms.

Solid dosage forms are the most prevalent and include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules. Tablets are compressed powders or granules, often coated, while capsules contain medication within a gelatin or cellulose shell. Powders are finely divided drug particles, and granules are larger agglomerates of powder particles. These are typically administered orally.

Liquid dosage forms encompass solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs. Solutions are clear, homogeneous mixtures where the drug is dissolved. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where solid drug particles are dispersed in a liquid. Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, like oil and water. Elixirs are sweetened, hydroalcoholic solutions. Liquids can be administered orally, parenterally, or topically.

Semisolid dosage forms include ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories. Ointments are greasy, water-in-oil emulsions applied topically. Creams are typically oil-in-water emulsions, also for topical use. Gels are semisolid systems where a liquid phase is dispersed within a solid network. Suppositories are solid dosage forms designed for insertion into body orifices, melting or dissolving at body temperature.

Specialized dosage forms include inhalations for respiratory delivery, transdermal patches for sustained skin absorption, and implants for long-term drug release. The choice of dosage form is crucial for determining drug bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance.