dështuar

Dështuar is an Albanian verb meaning to fail or to be unsuccessful. It is used to describe people, plans, efforts, exams, or any undertaking that does not achieve its intended result. The term can express everyday failures, institutional shortcomings, or anticipated outcomes that did not materialize.

Etymology and form: dështuar is the past participle form of the verb dështoj and can function adjectivally as in projekti i dështuar, meaning the failed project. It is related to the noun dështim, which denotes a failure. In Albanian, the past participle is commonly used with auxiliary verbs to form perfect tenses, for example “ka dështuar” (has failed) or “kam dështuar” (I have failed).

Conjugation and usage: The present tense of dështoj is used to describe ongoing or general failures, while the past tenses describe completed ones. For example: Unë dështoj in typical present usage; Unë dështova në provim means “I failed the exam.” He has failed can be expressed as Ai ka dështuar në provim. The participle dështuar is used when referring to a failed object or outcome, as in Projeyi i dështuar (the failed project) or Situata e dështuar (the failed situation). Dështim remains the related noun for the occurrence of failure.

Nuances and collocations: Dështuar frequently appears with nouns such as provim (exam), projekt (project), plan (plan), and përpjekje (endeavor). It conveys that an outcome did not meet expectations, standards, or goals. While commonly used for concrete results, it can also describe reputational or institutional shortcomings, often in formal or analytical contexts.

See also: dështim (failure), dështues (one who fails), dështim i një plani.