dämpningskvoten

The damping ratio, often denoted by the Greek letter zeta (ζ), is a dimensionless parameter that describes how oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance. It is a fundamental concept in the analysis of second-order linear time-invariant systems, commonly found in mechanical, electrical, and control systems. The damping ratio quantifies the level of damping present in the system relative to the critical damping level.

A system with a damping ratio of zero is undamped, meaning oscillations will continue indefinitely with constant amplitude. A damping ratio between zero and one (0 < ζ < 1) signifies an underdamped system. In an underdamped system, oscillations will occur, but their amplitude will decrease over time, eventually settling to a steady state. A damping ratio of exactly one (ζ = 1) represents a critically damped system. This is the point at which the system returns to its equilibrium position as quickly as possible without oscillating. Finally, a damping ratio greater than one (ζ > 1) indicates an overdamped system. In an overdamped system, the system returns to equilibrium slowly and without any oscillation.

The damping ratio is a crucial factor in determining the transient response of a system, influencing characteristics such as overshoot, settling time, and rise time. Engineers use the damping ratio to design systems that exhibit desired stability and performance characteristics.