dynamiikkoja
Dynamiikkoja, or dynamics, is the study of how systems change over time. In mathematics and physics it describes how the state of a system evolves according to rules that can be formulated as differential equations in continuous time or as difference equations in discrete time. A common framework is the dynamical system: a state space together with a rule that specifies the future state from the current one.
Key concepts include state, trajectory, vector field, equilibria (fixed points), stability, attractors, periodic orbits, and chaotic
Subfields and applications span classical and quantum dynamics, dynamical systems theory, ergodic theory, and control theory.
Historically, ideas date to Newton and Lagrange, with a formal theory developed by Poincaré in the late
See also: dynamical systems, chaos theory, differential equations, bifurcation theory, control theory.