dvojvláknových

Dvojvláknových is a Czech term that translates to "double-stranded" in English. It is primarily used in scientific contexts, particularly in molecular biology and genetics, to describe molecules composed of two intertwined strands. The most common example is double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), where two polynucleotide chains coil around each other to form the iconic double helix. These strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).

In addition to DNA, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) also exists. This form is less common in cellular organisms but plays crucial roles in viral replication and in gene regulation through processes like RNA interference (RNAi). The structure of dsRNA is similar to dsDNA, but it uses uracil (U) instead of thymine and typically adopts an A-form helix.

The term "dvojvláknových" can also be applied to other molecular structures where two distinct filament-like components are linked or associated. However, its most frequent and significant application remains in describing the fundamental building blocks of genetic information, DNA and, to a lesser extent, RNA. Understanding the double-stranded nature of these molecules is central to comprehending processes such as replication, transcription, and protein synthesis.