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Duplex ultrasound is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that combines two types of ultrasound technology to assess blood flow and visualize blood vessels. It utilizes Doppler ultrasound to measure the speed and direction of blood flow within arteries and veins. Simultaneously, it employs B-mode (brightness mode) ultrasound to create a cross-sectional image of the vessel walls and surrounding tissues.

The B-mode component provides anatomical detail, allowing clinicians to identify abnormalities such as plaque buildup (atherosclerosis), narrowing of vessels (stenosis), or blockages. The Doppler component then assesses the impact of these structural changes on blood flow. For instance, increased blood flow velocity at a narrowed segment can indicate significant stenosis.

Duplex ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate conditions affecting the arteries and veins in various parts of the body, including the carotid arteries (supplying blood to the brain), peripheral arteries and veins (in the arms and legs), and abdominal arteries. It is a valuable tool for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and assessing the risk of stroke. The procedure is painless, requires no radiation, and typically takes 30 to 60 minutes. No special preparation is usually needed, though patients might be asked to fast for certain abdominal scans. The results are interpreted by a radiologist or vascular specialist.