dunamis

Dunamis (Greek: δύναμις) is a Greek noun that primarily conveys power, strength, or ability. The term stems from dunatos, meaning able or capable, and is the source of English words such as dynamic and dynamite. In general usage it can denote natural power, potential capacity, or the exertion of force.

In classical philosophy, dunamis is a technical term for potentiality or capacity. It denotes what a thing can become or achieve under suitable conditions, as opposed to its actual state. Aristotle treats dunamis (potentiality) and energeia (actuality or activity) as complementary aspects of change and being. This framework helps explain how substances can possess latent powers that unfold into realized states.

In biblical Greek, the word dunamis widely means power in a divine or supernatural sense. In the New Testament it is used to describe the power of God, the efficacy of miracles, and the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit. The term underwrites claims about the ability of God and of believers to enact and witness extraordinary works, such as healings, signs, and bold proclamation.

In modern religious discourse, dunamis continues to be employed to discuss both general notions of power and specific theological concepts, especially within Pentecostal and Charismatic traditions. There it is often linked to miraculous capability, spiritual gifts, and the demonstration of God’s power in the world. The term thus spans philosophy, biblical studies, and contemporary theology, retaining its core sense of potential and force across contexts.