dukun
Dukun is a term widely used in Indonesia and Malaysia to describe a traditional spiritual healer or shaman. The word, from Malay and Javanese roots, denotes a practitioner believed to possess spiritual power or ancestral knowledge who offers services to diagnose illness, provide protection, or remove misfortune. Dukun practices vary by region and community and can encompass traditional medicine, ritual, and divination.
Practices often include prayers or invocations (jampi or mantras), cleansing rituals, exorcisms, the use of talismans
Social role and belief: Dukuns are embedded in local belief systems and are viewed as intermediaries between
Controversies and regulation: The practice sometimes intersects with fraud or harm, particularly in cases labeled as