druhým

Druhým is the instrumental singular form of the Czech ordinal numeral druhý, meaning second. It is used to modify masculine singular nouns in the instrumental case, and is also found with neuter singular nouns in the same case. The feminine instrumental singular form is druhou. In everyday Czech, druhým appears most often when the noun it accompanies is grammatically in instrumental, for example in expressions of manner, means, or time.

Morphology and agreement are typical of Czech adjectives and ordinal numerals: druhým agrees with the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies. This form contrasts with druhé, which is the nominative masculine singular and with druhém, the locative singular masculine form. The feminine instrumental singular is druhou, not druhým.

Usage notes: druhým is commonly encountered in phrases that express means or manner, such as in a second way or method. It also appears in time-related phrases where the noun is in instrumental case, for example with words like den (day) or rok (year) when the sense is “by the second day” or “in the second year.” In many contexts, the more neutral or natural phrasing uses the first, second, or first instrumental constructions as required by the surrounding syntax.

See also: druhý, Czech grammar, ordinal numbers, instrumental case.