domainsnames

Domain names are human-readable addresses used to identify resources on the Internet. They are part of the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates names into numerical IP addresses that computers use to route traffic.

This system uses hierarchical labels separated by dots. The rightmost label is the top-level domain (TLD), such as .com, .org, .net, or country-code TLDs like .uk. Subdomains, such as blog.example.com, precede the main domain.

Registration and management: Domain names are registered through registrars, which are accredited by ICANN or national authorities. A registry operates the database for each TLD and coordinates with registrars. The registration typically involves a period of one to ten years, a fee, and contact information. Renewal is required to maintain control.

DNS resolution and records: When resolving a domain, the DNS returns records such as A/AAAA for addresses, MX for mail servers, CNAME for aliases, and TXT for text data. DNSSEC adds cryptographic signing to help prevent tampering. Privacy controls, such as WHOIS privacy, can limit the visibility of registrant data.

Use, governance, and lifecycle: Domain names enable branding, websites, and email. They can be subject to disputes over trademarks (UDRP) and policies governing transfers or expirations. The governance of domain names involves ICANN, registries, and registrars, with ongoing policy developments affecting pricing, privacy, and security.