dollying

Dollying refers to a camera movement technique in filmmaking and video production where the entire camera and its support move physically closer to or further away from the subject. This movement is achieved using a camera dolly, which is a wheeled cart or platform that the camera is mounted on. The dolly allows for smooth, controlled horizontal motion across the set or location.

There are two primary types of dolly movements. A dolly in, also known as a push-in, involves moving the camera towards the subject. This can create a sense of intimacy, intensify emotion, or focus the viewer's attention on a specific detail. Conversely, a dolly out, or pull-out, moves the camera away from the subject. This can be used to reveal more of the environment, create a sense of detachment, or suggest a character is losing control or perspective.

The effect of dollying is distinct from zooming. While a zoom changes the focal length of the lens to alter magnification, a dolly involves actual physical movement of the camera. This difference is noticeable in how the perspective and background elements shift. Dollying changes the perspective of the viewer in relation to the scene, whereas zooming primarily alters the size of the subject without changing the viewer's spatial position. Smooth dollying is crucial for professional results, often requiring specialized tracks or smooth surfaces to ensure a seamless camera move.