diyaliz

Diyaliz, or dialysis, is a medical treatment that replaces kidney function when the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood. It removes uremic toxins, excess fluids, and helps maintain electrolyte balance, supporting life in people with kidney failure.

There are two main modalities: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis filters blood outside the body through an artificial kidney, or dialyzer, using a dialysis machine. It is usually performed in a dialysis center three times per week, though some patients dialyze at home after training. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum, a lining in the abdomen, as the filter. Dialysis solution is introduced into the abdomen via a catheter and drained after a set period; this can be done continuously at home, either manually (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) or with a cycler (automated peritoneal dialysis).

Access to the circulation or peritoneal cavity is essential. Hemodialysis requires an arteriovenous fistula or graft, or a central venous catheter. Peritoneal dialysis requires a peritoneal catheter. The adequacy of dialysis is monitored by signs of toxin removal and measurements such as Kt/V.

Dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment, not a cure. It necessitates ongoing scheduling, dietary and fluid restrictions, and monitoring. Complications can include infections, low blood pressure during treatment, electrolyte imbalances, and anemia.