diurètics

Diuretics are medications that help increase urine production and promote the removal of excess fluid from the body. They work by affecting the kidneys' function to enhance the excretion of sodium and water, which in turn reduces blood volume and decreases blood pressure.

These medications are commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, edema (fluid retention), and certain kidney disorders. They are also sometimes used to manage symptoms of heart failure and other conditions where fluid accumulation is problematic.

There are several classes of diuretics, including thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Each class works differently in the kidneys but ultimately increases urine output. The choice of diuretic depends on the specific condition being treated and the patient's overall health.

Common side effects of diuretics may include increased urination, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, dizziness, and muscle cramps. More serious side effects can occur, particularly with long-term use or improper dosage, which is why these medications should always be taken under medical supervision. Patients taking diuretics may require regular monitoring of kidney function and electrolyte levels.